08/07/2026
Risks of Underdosing.
Treatment failure because drug levels are too low to eliminate the infection.
Development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) as bacteria exposed to subtherapeutic doses can survive and become resistant.
Prolonged disease leading to delayed recovery and continued suffering.
Increased spread of infection to other animals within the herd or flock.
Higher treatment costs due to repeat treatments and additional veterinary intervention.
Reduced productivity, including poor weight gain, lower milk yield, reduced egg production, and impaired fertility.
Higher mortality in severe cases.
Risks of Overdosing
Drug toxicity, potentially damaging organs such as the kidneys, liver, or nervous system.
Increased risk of adverse drug reactions, including allergic responses.
Longer withdrawal periods, increasing the risk of antimicrobial residues in meat, milk, or eggs if withdrawal times are not adjusted appropriately.
Economic losses from unnecessary use of expensive medicines.
Possible disruption of normal gut bacteria, predisposing animals to secondary infections or digestive disturbances.
Potential welfare concerns due to pain or tissue damage from excessive injection volumes.
Best Practices
Always weigh animals using a livestock scale or weigh band where appropriate.
Dose according to the animal's body weight and the manufacturer's label or veterinary prescription.
Calibrate dosing equipment regularly to ensure accurate delivery.
Record weights, drugs used, dose rates, and withdrawal periods.
When animals vary greatly in size, group them by weight rather than estimating a single average.