11/09/2026
The Game Genie was a line of video game accessories that allowed players to alter code transmitted between game cartridges and a video game console, known informally as a cheat cartridge. Developed by Codemasters and distributed by Galoob in the U.S. and Camerica in Canada, it debuted in 1990 for the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), with later versions for the Super NES, Game Boy, Sega Genesis, and Game Gear.
The device was central to the 1992 landmark case Lewis Galoob Toys, Inc. v. Nintendo of America, Inc., where the court ruled that Game Genie did not infringe on Nintendo’s copyrights, as it did not create a permanent derivative work or impact game sales. The decision helped establish reverse engineering as fair use in the United States.
Despite selling five million units worldwide, plans for a “Game Genie 2” never materialized, and no versions were made for later consoles. Similar devices, such as Action Replay, Code Breaker and GameShark, later filled its role.
After securing distribution in Canada through Camerica, Codemasters also presented the Game Genie to Galoob, an American toy manufacturer. When Lewis Galoob’s son first encountered the device, he became fascinated by the Game Genie’s ability to make Mario jump higher. Galoob agreed to distribute the Game Genie in North America, and Codemasters acquired every NES game available, so that they could discover and document the various “codes” that would alter the game’s output. The Game Genie was announced in May 1990, and was set to launch in July.