06/06/2026
MACDONALD, Sir John Alexander [1815-1891] [First Prime Minister of Canada (1867-73 & 1878-90)]. Autograph Letter, Signed, on 'Crown Law Department, Upper Canada' crested stationery, dated 'Office of Minister of Justice', Ottawa, Feb. 3rd, 1868, to G.H.Ryland, Registrar, Montreal. 4to. pp. 1 with integral blank. (horizontal & vertical folds). with initialed free-franked cover. Ottawa: 1868. $3,500
Reading: "I beg leave to state that in my opinion you, as Registrar of Montreal, are an officer of the Local Government, and that by such Local Government your securities are to be approved." Over the course of many years MacDonald supported George Herman Ryland, Registrar of Montreal and former Clerk of the Executive Council for the Province of Lower Canada, in his efforts to obtain financial compensation from the government. Ryland's claim was based on a promise made to him by Lord Sydenham, the first Governor-General of the United Province of Canada (1841). At the time of this letter Macdonald held the portfolio of Minister of Justice and was in the second year of his first term as Prime Minister.
Macdonald, the dominant figure of Confederation, became the First Prime Minister of Canada in 1867, serving to 1873 and again from 1878 to 1891 (he was forced to resign in 1873 over the Pacific Railway Scandal). During his administration Canada acquired the vast territory of Rupert's Land from the Hudson's Bay Company for the equivalent of 1.5 million dollars in 1869-70. The territory encompassed the whole of the Hudson's Bay watershed, what is now northern Labrador and Quebec, northern and western Ontario, all of Manitoba, most of Saskatchewan, south and central Alberta, and parts of the Northwest Territories, Nunavut and the northwestern United States. Following the Riel Rebellion, the newly created province of Manitoba became part of Confederation along with the North West Territories. British Columbia joined in 1871. The North West Mounted Police was created to establish law and order in the frontier lands. The Macdonald administration was challenged by two western insurrections, the Red River Rebellion of 1869-70 and the North-West Rebellion of 1885, both led by Louis Riel. The treatment and ex*****on of Riel for treason divided the country along religious, linguistic and racial grounds. Macdonald's government also implemented a 'National Policy' of high tariffs that would protect the small Canadian firms from American competition and completed the Intercolonial and the transcontinental Canadian Pacific Railways which were so essential to Canada's nationhood.