01/09/2026
A short piece on HG Wells
"On the night of 30 October 1938, a CBS radio drama interrupted its own dance music to announce that something had landed in a field in New Jersey. Over the next forty minutes, Orson Welles and the Mercury Theatre on the Air walked American listeners through a Martian invasion using the vocabulary of breaking news: eyewitness reports, dying correspondents, martial law. The source material was HG Wells’s 1898 novel The War of the Worlds, relocated from Woking to Grover’s Mill and told entirely through the format of live bulletins.
The story that followed — that the broadcast caused a night of nationwide hysteria, with Americans fleeing their homes en masse — is largely a myth, and a well-documented one. Ratings data from the night shows barely two percent of the national radio audience was even tuned to the broadcast. The scale of the “panic” reported in the following day’s newspapers rested on thin, largely anecdotal wire copy, at a moment when print media had every incentive to portray radio, its new and threatening rival, as a dangerous, uncontrollable force. Contemporary historians researching the affair have found nothing resembling the coast-to-coast hysteria that later became folklore — though the picture isn’t perfectly clean: some scholarship argues real, if localised, panic did occur in pockets, and the debate over how much is still active.
What matters more than which version is true is that the perception of mass panic became, almost instantly, the story itself — repeated, embellished, and eventually treated as historical fact for decades. Wells’s Martians didn’t cause the event that made his name a byword for media panic. The newspapers did that, using his plot as raw material. That distinction is the real hinge on which this story turns: not “Wells predicted the future,” but Wells’s fiction became the first modern demonstration that a mass medium could manufacture its own reality, independent of what actually happened."
On the night of 30 October 1938, a CBS radio drama interrupted its own dance music to announce that something had landed in a field in New…