21/06/2026
In 1581, the Emperor of China declared that all tax had to be paid in silver. In a country where silver was less than abundant, this created a surge in demand for the metal. At approximately the same time, the silver deposits in Peru, Lima, and other parts of the Americas were starting to be mined for their precious ores. This led to one of the biggest trade networks in the world, over 400 years ago.
One of the results of this was the creation of the silver ingot or "sycee". Since China didn't have any official silver coins until the 1890s, most business was done with ingots. A weight system was developed using taels which was 37.5 grams.
Silver was collected during business hours and then taken to the refineries at night where they melted the "broken" or loose silver down into ingots, which were then stamped for their purpose, sometimes with the creators name or an assayer mark. For instance, the first ingot shown is stamped to say "Emperor Guang Xu's Silver Tax". Ingots were also made into certain shapes depending on the province of origin. The most famous would probably be the saddle sycee from Yunnan.
Authentication is difficult because many fakes circulate in the market to this day. Most experts I've witnessed check the bottom first. The holes created by the gas bubbles during the smelting process seem to be indicative of the genuine article. One can imagine the shapes and patterns should be very irregular, heavily carbonated and filled with clay or silica crystals based on ancient production methods that are no longer easily replicated.
Even the stamps can be faked because certain names or marks might increase the value. They should be of the appropriate period, calligraphy and vocabulary. I've heard them say that the stamp should generally be applied poorly or crudely. Stamps that are "too nice" tend to be applied to genuine ingots in the 1970s or later to increase the value.
Finally, the ingots should be 90% silver since they were made from trade dollars.
If you want to learn more, Absolute History on YouTube has a video titled "O***m Wars: How The Chinese Silver Trade Changed History". I highly recommend it.