02/23/2022
OCTAVIUS VALENTINE CATTO (1839-1871)
Octavius Valentine Catto was a prominent Philadelphia,
Pennsylvania, activist, scholar, athlete, and military officer in the National Guard during the Civil War.
Catto was born in Charleston, South Carolina, on February 22, 1839. His mother, Sarah Isabella Cain, a free woman, was a descendant of one of Charleston’s most distinguished mulatto families, the DeReefs. His father, William Catto, was a slave millwright who gained his freedom and became a prominent Presbyterian minister. The elder Catto relocated his family north around 1850 and soon became the pastor at First African Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
In 1854, he became a student at the Institute for Colored Youth (now Cheyney University) & graduated as valedictorian in 1858. Catto furthered his studies in Washington, D.C., & upon his return, became an instructor of literature, mathematics, Greek, & Latin at the Institute for Colored Youth.
When the Confederate Army invaded Pennsylvania in 1863, culminating in the Battle of Gettysburg, Catto responded to the call for emergency troops by raising one of the first volunteer companies, the 5th Brigade of the Pennsylvania National Guard. He served as major & inspector general in the brigade.
He was a member of several civic, literary, patriotic, & political groups, including the Philadelphia Library Company, 4th Ward Black Political Club, & the Franklin Institute. After the Civil War, Catto started a Philadelphia protest movement that led to passage of the 1867 Pennsylvania law that prohibited racially segregated public transportation. Later the same year, Catto & his childhood friend, Jacob White Jr., formed the city’s second black baseball team: the Philadelphia Pythians of which he was a co-manager & a player.
On Election Day, October 10, 1871, Catto, age 32, was murdered along with several other blacks in a Philadelphia riot when local African Americans attempted to vote as a result of the state’s ratification of the fifteenth amendment. During the riot, Catto was confronted near his home by Frank Kelly, a Democratic Party operative who fired several shots at Catto, with one bullet piercing his heart.
In September 2017 a Catto memorial was placed Philadelphia City Hall courtyard. The memorial consists of a 12-foot bronze statue of Catto. Behind him are five granite pillars, fashioned like upturned streetcars. The figure faces a stainless-steel ballot box resting on a broad table.