They are machine quilted. I use 100% cotton fabric, all high quality fabric. Each square has two pieces of fabric with Warm and Natural Cotton Batting sandwiched in the middle, giving it three layers. The interior of each square has a traditional X sewn through, securing all layers. My rag quilts look beautiful displayed on a wall, across the back of your sofa or chair, and also made to be used. T
hey are all very durable! I also make baby and children size quilts. My pillows are made in the style of rag quilts. They are very good size, not small. they measure 18 1/2" x 18 1/2" with the exception of my rag strip pillows. My rag strip pillows are usually 16 inch square. I have an Etsy Shop, RagQuiltsnPillowsUSA. There you will find my current items I have available to purchase and also my prices. Thank you for taking your time!