07/09/2026
Mennell’s Four Basic Truisms
Mennell’s (1964) truisms provide a theoretical basis for the following hypothesis: Attempting to strengthen muscles when joint motion restriction is present will provide less-than-optimal results, and limited joint ROM needs to be considered during any exercise application.
1. When a joint is not free to move, the muscles that move it cannot be free to move it.
2. Muscles cannot be restored to normal if the joints that they move are not free to move.
3. Normal muscle function is dependent on normal joint movement.
4. Impaired muscle function perpetuates and may cause deterioration in abnormal joints.
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